The HIV/AIDS treatment adherence, health outcomes, and cost study: conceptual foundations and overview.

A growing population of people living with HIV/AIDS have co-morbid psychiatric and substance abuse diagnoses, increasing the need for integrated services for persons with multiple diagnoses. This article reviews models of integrated services for multiply diagnosed persons living with HIV/AIDS. We focus on the HIV/AIDS Treatment Adherence, Health Outcomes and Cost Study to highlight the elements of multifaceted and integrated service delivery systems for people with HIV, substance abuse, and mental health disorders. Study organizational features and models of integrated services are discussed, including details of models for assessing mental health and substance abuse, outcomes, and the cost-effectiveness of integrated services.